Revenue Drivers and Overview of the Strategies at Google Term Paper

Revenue Drivers and Overview of the Strategies at Google - Term Paper Example Google with it revenues reported at $3.21 billion for the quarter ending at December 31, 2006, an increase of 67% compared to the 4th quarter of 2005, this company is fast growing with its philosophy of delivering more than what is expected. Google on its expansion spree in the international front has led them to gain access to new partners and growing, thereby delivering targeted and measurable ads. Positioning helps a company create a perception in the minds of the target audience in the market amidst its competitors. Google s positioning comes across evidently in the philosophy of focusing on their end user by using simple interfaces protecting the privacy of the individual and having advertising restricted only ones relevant to the search. The ability to customize Google in over 100 languages shows their continuous improvement in the quality of service making Google more accessible for a variety of people. 1. Target Audience: Google is a high-quality service which can be availed by anybody who is seeking information that can be accessed from anywhere. They now have broadened their target segment by introducing customized homepages in several languages. 2. Defining the service: The Company believes in providing its audience with an experience redefining the way individuals, businesses and technologists use the Internet. The service examines a whole host of web pages to return relevant information of one's search. ...From Images to phone numbers to airline flight info to categories in the Open Directory to a spell checker to translating web pages, Google makes a perfect search engine sometimes even categorizing adult content.3. Target Audience perception: The millions of users now perceive 'life to be a Google query'.4. Competitive positioning: Custom libraries created by Google help them cut down their cost by about 50% thus making them more productive than their closest competitors like Amazon, eBay, Microsoft, and Yahoo. As a result of its superior technology systems, competitors need to spend 4 times as much to catch up.  

God and the Philosopher Essay Example for Free

God and the Philosopher Essay Abstract Philosophers are known to be great thinkers.   The discipline itself is concerned with ethics, what things exist and their essential natures, knowledge, and logic.   Typically, when one is asked about his or her beliefs, the subject of God comes up. Whether or not God exist is the biggest and most ultimate question that people have ever asked. The topic of God is important to the philosopher.   He enjoys the contemplation of the subject. â€Å"Proofs of the existence of God† developed over the past 2,400 years by different philosophers. It is the foundation of most introductions to philosophy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Does God exist?   The existence of God can be compared to space.   We know that space does not have an ending.   God â€Å"has no beginning and no end.   He is eternal† (Cameron, 465).   Some people don’t believe in anything that is not visible to the eye (Cameron, 471). The link to God for most philosophers is the world.   Thomas Aquinas, a theologian, â€Å"specialized in the philosophical analysis of the nature of God and God’s relation to the world† (McCarty, 196). He refers to Aristotle as â€Å"The Philosopher†; â€Å"Aquinas uses Aristotle’s emphasis on the importance of empirical evidence to offer the creation of the world as proof for the existence of God as its cause† (McCarty, 197).   He saw the creation of the world as proof for the existence of God.   â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.   Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters (Genesis 1:1-2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Big Bang Theory tries to disprove the Genesis account of creation by stating that the universe was formed from an explosion.   Usually an explosion produces disorder and chaos, not trees, flowers, and animals (Cameron, 418).   Also, in order for an explosion to occur, there must be something present to explode and a means to cause the explosion.   â€Å"You cannot create something out of nothing† (Cameron, 419).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Proofs of the existence of God† is a set of arguments that were developed over the past 2,400 years by different philosophers.   The purpose was to demonstrate that â€Å"there is, or exists, an infinite, omnipotent, omniscient, benevolent creator of the universe who goes by the name of God† (Wolff, 364).   The first and â€Å"philosophically weakest† proof is the Argument from Design.   William Paley presented his argument in his book â€Å"Natural Theology†.   He noted that man-made objects were designed to serve a purpose by its maker.    We can compare this to the creations of nature, like the human eye or the brain.   They are sophisticated and cannot be duplicated.   The conclusion is only God must be the â€Å"all-powerful Maker† (Wolff, 366).   The second proof is the Cosmological Argument, which is offered by thirteenth-century Christian philosopher St. Thomas Aquinas.   His first argument is that some things move in the world.   Secondly, there must be a first movement to precede other movements.   A â€Å"first mover† must exist.   That â€Å"necessary being is God† (Wolff, 373). The final proof and â€Å"the most famous, the most mystifying, the most outrageous and irritating philosophical argument of all time† is the Ontological Argument (Wolff, 378).   Saint Anselm writes about this proof in his philosophical work the â€Å"Proslogion†.   The concept of the existence of God was based on the idea of the perfect being.   Nothing greater than God is inconceivable (Wolff, 370).   Some philosophers, such as Immanuel Kant, have defended this proof over the past nine centuries.   On the other hand, it has also been rejected by other philosophers, such as St. Thomas Aquinas, and claimed as invalid because it cannot be proven. In addition to the Cosmological Argument, Aquinas argues his case using five proofs of his own (McCarty, 197).   The first proof is motion.   As with the Cosmological Argument, a â€Å"first mover† must exist to cause motion.   His second proof is causation.   â€Å"The natural world holds together through a tight chain of cause-and-effect relationships† (McCarty, 198).   For example, rain causes vegetation to grow.   The third proof is necessity/possibility. Aquinas argued that all events either have to be necessary or possible.   â€Å"A Necessary Being must exist that actualizes the possibility of the world as we know it† (McCarty, 199). The fourth proof is gradation. Some natural beings are more advanced than others.   Humans are at the top of the evolutionary chain.  Ã‚   â€Å"God has given him dominion (authority) over all the animals (Genesis 1:28) â€Å" (Cameron, 427).   This leads into the final proof of governance.   Humans are intellectually superior to animals and have priority over them (Cameron, 427). This is part of God’s Order (McCarty, 200). Most arguments for the existence of God start with some fact about the world and all of its components and activities (Morris, 243).   The topic of God is important because He is the backbone of any philosophical discussion. The Bible states that God is holy (Psalm 99:9).   Webster’s definition of holy is â€Å"sanctified†, which means to be free from sin. Ethics is a big part of philosophy. It embraces right conduct and good life.   â€Å"Ethical conduct is behavior that respects and nurtures truth, beauty, goodness, and unity, in our own lives, and in the lives of people we deal with day to day† (Morris, 111).   Good people struggle daily to resist temptations and pressures that they would not consider to be proper behavior.   â€Å"A good person is a person who shoots at the target of human happiness and flourishing for other people as well as himself† (Morris, 101).   On the other hand, there are people that don’t think about the consequences of their behavior. They act to satisfy their own selfish needs (Morris, 111). Philosophers view the concept of morality as a set of many rules (Morris, 112).   The Bible lists many of them.   Exodus 20 in the Old Testament lists The Ten Commandments.   The book of Leviticus contains many rules for work, worshipping God, and cleanliness. Another aspect of morality is The Golden Rule.   It states: â€Å"So in everything, do to others what you would have the do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets† (Matthew 7:12). In other words, treats others, as you would like to be treated.   â€Å"It captures the main attitude of an ethical person regarding the impact of his actions on others† (Morris, 114). In conclusion, the existence of God is a link for philosophers to the world. The topic of God is important when discussing ethics, morality, and nature to twentieth century philosophers as well as thirteenth-century ones. References Cameron, Kirk, Comfort, Ray. (2004). The School of Biblical Evangelism.   Gainesville:   Bridge-Logos Publishers. International Bible Society. (1984). The Holy Bible.   Grand Rapids:   Zondervan Publishing House. McCarty, Marietta. (2006). Little Big Minds:   Sharing Philosophy With Kids.   New York:   The Penguin Group. Morris, Tom. (1999). Philosophy For Dummies.   New York:   Wiley Publishing Company. Wolff, Robert Paul. (2000).   About Philosophy (8th).  Ã‚   Upper Saddle River:   Prentice Hall.

Gender Stereotypes within Sports Essay -- Equality Feminism Athletics

Gender Stereotypes within Sports Mainly men play sports. Graceful little girls and dykes play sports too. There is no room for anyone in the middle. However they do not play the same sports, these three groups of people. The manly men play football, rugby, hockey, they box and lift weights. The dykes can play any sport because their breaking of the genderized sports barrier can be chalked up to the fact that they are lesbians, not real women anyway. Graceful little girls, they are the ones we can admire, they are the gymnasts, the ice skaters and the synchronized swimmers. Female athletes as they should be are epitomized in these little girls. These lines and more are what society has been fed concerning appropriate sports for men and women. Because of women's long time exclusion from sport, the games became gendered. Women still wear skirts in many sports; the rules of some games such as lacrosse are different for men and women. Muscles are sexy on men but a hotly debated issue on women. But what happens when the m en want to wear the skirts and the women want to step into the ring? In most cases unfortunately there are bad repercussions along with the good ones. Sexuality is called into question when members of either sex compete in an unconventional sport. In the case of women, they are constantly compared to men, not being as fast or strong, therefore undermining their game and style. However, every time a man puts on skirt for a field hockey match, or a woman laces up her cleats for a football game despite society's ill will, all humans benefit. When a man disregards the social pressure he feels to be on a field competing and decides instead to stand on the sidelines and cheer, many issues arise. While male cheerleadi... ...We live in a culture that is dominated by sports. A favorite baseball player would be more readily named than the president as a child's hero. Just as the physical education department in the 1920's inadvertently created a problem we are still fighting when they insisted on keeping women separate and therefore suspect to lesbianism, reversing that notion of some sports for girls and some for boys will better society on a whole. Freeing women of the burden of being suspected of lesbianism every time they pick up a ball or bat will open up opportunities for girls all over the country. And when men are allowed to follow their desire for sport, be it through baseball or cheerleading it will help break down the rigid rules of masculinity that exist today. As one varsity male cheerleader said, "Any man can hold a cheerleader's hand, but only the elite can hold her feet."

John constable :: John constable

John constable What made Constable different from the majority of his contemporaries was his attitude towards the things that he saw. He was not, like so many other landscape artists, a conscious seeker of the picturesque. As an artist he was virtually self-taught and his periods of formal study amounted to little more than process of directive discipline. His real master was his own sensitive and perceptive eye (Peacock, 15). It was through a study of nature rather than by a study of academic principles that his artistic philosophy was evolved. It was at East Bergholt on the Suffolk side of the river Stour on 11 June 1776 that artist John Constable was born. The house where John was born is now disappeared, but its prosperous Georgian solidity exists for us in a number of his paintings (Peacock, 15). Golding, Jonh’s father, was a miller and the owner of water mills at Flatford and Dedham, and two windmills at East Bergholt (Taylor, 10). The Constables were a large family, John was the fourth of six children. Though much is not recorded of John’s first school experince , he was sent to Lavenham at age seven (Shirley, 39). There like most of the pupils, ill-used, he finished it in Dedham grammar school under a Dr. Thomas Grimwood. John did not do well in his studies to justify seeking a career in the church like his father had wished (Taylor, 11). In fact, Constable’s only record of excellence at Dedham was in penmanship, and so he was quickly directed into the family business, becoming locally kno wn as â€Å"the handsome miller† (Shirly, 39). For a year John worked in his father’s mills and so acquired first-hand knowledge of the miller ’s trade. In the mills what John learned probably stood him in a better stead that all the formal instruction in art he would ever receive (Peacock, 16). In 1796 he went on an apprenticeship in London. John apprenticeship to John Thomas Smith, a draughtsman and engraver, known as â€Å"Antiquity Smith†. Constable assisted by making sketches that might be used as subjects for his work. Golding Constable grew impatient and dismissed his son’s taste for painting as a young man’s whim, and with the need for help in the mills, Golding summons John back to Bergholt (Taylor, 17).

Lean Management in a Salon

1. 0. About the organization Yellow Nails Salon is a privately run business which specializes in nail care and started off as a nail-bar 5 years ago. It is a small setup with 10 service staff, one main work floor, 2 treatment rooms, a storeroom, a pantry and a restroom. The owner visits the salon every day for a couple of hours to keep an eye on the over-all running of the salon and to ensure work is being done up to the standard. The salon services about 20 customers on weekdays and up to 40 customers on weekends/peak seasons, and receives about 20% turn-away customers daily. . 1. Main products and services The core services provided by the salon are different types of manicures and pedicures. Since 2010 the salon has grown in popularity and seen a demand from regular clients to offer more varied services, so hair treatments, massage services, hair removal and specialized facials have been introduced. The salon also stocks nail polishes which the customers can purchase. 1. 2. The cu stomers The client base consists of women from low to mid-income families residing in the area.These are women that like the convenience of having a salon close by that they can visit regularly and pamper themselves, yet not blow a hole in their pockets by doing so. A lot of the customers treat their salon time as a requirement rather than an indulgence and slot it in as a job in their busy schedules. 1. 3. Order qualifiers and order winners for the company The order winners for the salon are the prices offered along with the decor and environment.There are no other salons in the area with a matching stylish interior while offering similar competitive rates. Any salons that offer this type of ambience will be too pricey, and those that are not, will not have the same sort of interiors. The order qualifiers are the experience of the staff, the services offered and the location. 2. 0. Challenges One of the biggest challenges faced by the business is that a lot of customers have to be turned away because the salon is unable to accommodate them in several ways.While a lot of similar salons thrive on new and walk-in customers, in Yellow Nails, unless you have pre planned the visit and booked, you will not be attended to, even if is it a case of adding an extra treatment during your visit. Appointments are made and not kept, yet the staff is obligated to sit idle until the customer arrives and turn away walk-in customers. Another major problem is that a lot of time is taken up by each customer alone as a single specialist attends to a customer at a time, while other staff waits for their booking to arrive.There have been occasions when it has been witnessed that some roll-on wax has been thrown away because it has dried up so the attendant has had to open a new case, which is also the case with other beauty products. Seemingly, there is quite a bit of wastage due to old stock being kept. Another issue seems to be that though the staff is very friendly and their work is of a high standard, the space around them is not very organized, resulting in longer waiting time for the customer, even between services.Along with these challenges, the cost of operations is high, as the owner gets the spa products from Switzerland which she visits periodically and stocks up on her visit and has also invested heavily in treatment machines, which require regular maintenance. These factors show that it is quite important for the business to structure its operations more effectively in order to generate more desirable profits. 2. 1. Evidence Having been to the salon many times and witnessing the problems on a first-hand basis, there is no doubt that the problems observed do truly exist.Many businesses have challenges which are buried under a shiny exterior, but when the customer starts facing it directly, you know it’s an issue that needs to be dealt with immediately, possibly more critically in a service-based company. 2. 2. Effects on the Business While the salon is making sufficient revenue, it is losing out on prospective business because the jobs are not streamlined effectively. Having spoken to the manager of the salon about how the business is performing, she said it is doing quite well and they are making â€Å"good money†.On the slightly negative side, she went on to say that they are unable to hire any more staff because they don’t have space to accommodate more customers at one time and the owner had no intention to expand the space. What was perceived from the discussion was that they do recognize that a lot of customers have to be turned away due to which they are losing potential business, and that the owner is interested in hiring more girls in order to boost profit but is unable to, and she doesn’t think there is any other solution to this problem.The obvious answer, as per the owner, is that more staff equals more customers, which means more revenue. ? 3. 0. Lean implementation in the service sec tor Traditionally, Lean practices have been largely associated with the manufacturing industry, with literature and methods of implementation being more accessible in that particular sector. We therefore look at the research of several authors that discuss how lean can be applied in service industries and the factors that need to be focused on in order to be able to do so.We also look at the different frameworks of lean that makes it a recommended approach. 3. 1. Literature Review The term Lean management has first been used in the book The Machine That Changed the World by Womack, Jones and Roos (1990), describing the fundamentals of the Toyota production system as lean production (Coote and Gould, 2006). Following on from which, Coote and Gould’s (2006) literature talks about lean as a concept that has come to mean different things to different people, from claiming that most view it as a collaboration of efficiency and low cost which they depict as being a narrow view.They provide a more wholesome definition describing it as ‘delivering customer value without waste’. As businesses tend to place a high importance to their customers, it would be inevitable that a concept with a large focus on that factor would be adopted, although one would question whether the approach is only fit for a manufacturing company. Abdi et al (2006) state that lean can be applied to service sectors and that there are similarities and differences in adopting the approach from a service point of view.Their literature discusses five different principles from the works of Womack and Jones (1996) and how these lean manufacturing principles can be applied to the service sector, which includes specifying value by service, indentifying the service value stream, making the service flow, supplying at the pull of the customer and implementing the pursuit of perfection and in order to apply these principles, they place the human element as a crucial variable in the service s sector.Another piece of literature, researched by Bonaccorsi et al (2011), concludes that lean thinking has the potentialities to be implemented in the service industry as an effective way to cut costs and increase customer satisfaction. They emphasize that applying lean to service is challenging which is why lean concepts must often be redefined in a proper way, and to solve this, the concept Service Value Stream Management (SVSM) has been developed.This approach is flexible in nature and can be applied to a wide range of cases, including Yellow Nails salon, wherein the principles of lean need to be tailored to the requirements of that particular sector. As SVSM is claimed to be flexible and used functionally as a general guide, there should be no complications to develop a true lean service via its implementation. Piercy and Rich’s (2009) research findings highlight that through the adoption of lean service tools, service business can serve the traditionally competing pri orities both of operational cost reduction and of increased customer service quality.The lean approach is validated in the service context and proposed as a valuable addition to traditional service marketing approaches to services improvement. In their paper, they present the data on the implementation of lean process approaches in the call centre context highlighting rapid improvements such as value identification, process/value stream mapping, and removal of barriers to flow value to the customer. An empirical study by Alsmadi et al (2012), analyzes the differences in the relationship between lean practices and firm performance in the UK manufacturing and service sectors.Although lean practices have been successfully implemented in many manufacturing cases, their effect on firm performance in both manufacturing and service sectors is still limited. First, the empirical findings in both sectors suggest that Lean practices are positively associated with firms’ performance and the degree of impact on performance is also identical between the two sectors, therefore their study supports the positive argument concerning the applicability of Lean practices in service firms and their potential effect on performance.The results also suggested that soft Lean practices related to customer and HR management in the service sector was performing highly which is why it is essential, as stated by other authors, that Lean practices need to be distilled and tailored to the specific features of the sector. Once the idea of lean principles has been accepted that is can be implemented by a service based company, it would be important to focus on the specific internal implementation techniques, wherein Malayeff (2006) attempts to provide insight into the management of an internal service system derived from a perspective of Lean management.He claims this would exist within professional service units of development, engineering, information technology, human resources and c onsumer affairs. In the case of Yellow Nails salon, the focus would be on the HR and consumer functions.. Malayeff’s (2006) study stated that internal service systems have numerous common structural characteristics including the importance of information, process flows across functions, many hand-offs of information, hidden costs and benefits and no explicit motivation for urgency.The wasteful activities can be classified into seven groups: delays reviews, mistakes, duplication, movement, processing inefficiencies and resource inefficiencies, and he found that the most common problems included a lack of standard procedures, long service times, communication breakdowns and poor personnel management, out of which all but communication breakdowns are issues that Yellow Nails salon can be seen as a victim of. Draghichi and Petcu (2011) also propose Lean Six Sigma as a strong leadership approach for improving management rocesses, while reducing errors which can in turn help both t he organization and its employees do things quicker and better through quality principles, resulting in improvements at all service organization levels Bortolotti and Romano (2012) developed a framework based on a study they conducted wherein they found that the automation of a process that is not streamlined can generate problems that can slow down the flow of work and increase errors. They state that a process should first be mapped to highlight waste and only when the new process is streamlined, can it actually be automated.They go on to say that by doing so, the new process will automate only value-added activities recognized by the customers which we will touch upon in more detail for Yellow Nails salon in section 4. 3. 2. Recommendations Though the authors state that through tailored concepts being applied to service sectors, lean can be effectively employed, it is important for authors in the field to depict more focused principles relating to lean practices for a full servic e based business, which seems to be missing. 4. 0. Project Plan for Lean ImplementationIn order to fix the problems that the business is facing, I would propose a new business model incorporating a lean approach. Lean focuses on elimination of waste (Slack et al, 2010) and the following are some of the Muda, or non-value adding work for the customer that can be eliminated with the suggested operational implementations. 4. 1. Reducing waiting time Yellow Nails Salon will benefit from eradicating the appointment system that they are currently enforcing, which in fact ties up the service slot, even if the customer is late due to the business’ policy that could be given to a walk-in customer.Management should instead implement job cards with a list of what treatments the customer wants with service being given on a first-come-first-serve basis. This will allow the business to maximize the number of customers they are taking on daily, not turn any customers away and eventually cut down on the waiting time of the customer. 4. 2. Full utilization of Human Resources Currently, the staff is not being utilized to their maximum capability so it would be beneficial to the business to reorganize the way the service staff is taking on workload.A full utilization of all staff at all times approach should be set into place, so if there is one customer and two staff members available, they should both attend to the client to speed up the service where possible . This would essentially free up 50% of the client’s time in the salon, which no doubt will be give them better value for money. The improved efficiencies can be highlighted by illustrating this using Value Stream Mapping. 4. 2. 1 Value Stream Mapping Value stream mapping focuses on value-adding activities and distinguishes between value-adding and non-value-adding activities (Slack et al, 2010).The following is a simplified version showing the value added activities for a customer at the salon and highligh ts the waiting time as the ‘waste’ which should be eliminated. Example of customer x – Requirement: Manicure, Haircut & Waxing It can be seen that with the current means of operations, a customer with the mentioned requirements will be at the salon for three hours and fifteen minutes, whereas by employing lean practices, their time can be cut down by a full hour and fifteen minutes. 4. 3. JIT implementation for beauty productsThough the owner may view it as a major set-back, it would be an intelligent decision to acquire a local supplier that can provide good quality products that the salon can order in smaller batches when required, rather than purchasing excellent quality products in large quantities, keep the stock in storage over long periods of time and throw a large portion of it away due to it being spoilt.. By introducing JIT, the salon can keep customers happy as well as combat avoidable costs. 4. 4. 5S principles implementationAnother factor that can im prove customer service provided at the salon would be to reorganize the workspace by adopting the 5S lean implementation framework which would help the staff operate in a more orderly manner. The staff is directly customer facing so there is not a lot of scope to waste time locating the required goods to service the customer. 5. 0. Conclusion To conclude, though the business is currently at a good stable position in the market with a loyal customer base, there is scope for growth in terms of increased profits and new business which can only be enjoyed by Yellow Nails if it implements lean practices.The challenges which are currently faced comprising of turning away customers, long waiting time and wastage of stock can all be solved by incorporating the 5 principles of lean thinking, which include focusing on value of the customer, appreciating the value stream, concentrating on improved flow and perfecting quality. The business possesses some very strong attributes wherein some lean values can already be found such as the pull factor as staff is flexible in fulfilling customer requirement, and additional care is given to quality of service.However, there is still a gap in the model which is not allowing the business to perform at its full potential, and by tapping in to this area, going forward, Yellow Nails will be able to see substantial improvements. ? 6. 0. References †¢Abdi, F. et al. (2006) Glean Lean: How to use Lean approach in service industries?. Journal of Services Research, 6 p. 191-206. †¢Alsmadi, M. et al. (2012) A comparative analysis of Lean practices and performance in the UK manufacturing and service sector firms. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 23 (4), p. 81-396. †¢Bonaccorsi, A. et al. (2011) Service Value Stream Management (SVSM): Developing Lean Thinking in the Service Industry. Journal of Service Science and Management, 4 p. 428-439. †¢Bortolotti, T. and Romano, P. (2013) ‘Lean first, then automa te': a framework for process improvement in pure service companies. Production Planning & Control: The Management of Operations, 23 (7), p. 513-522. †¢Coote, P. and Gould, S. (2006) Technical Matters – Lean Management. Financial Management, p. 31-34 †¢Draghici, M. and Jenica Petcu, A. 2011) Knowledge Transfer – The Key to Drive Innovation for Service Organizations Excellence. Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology, (4), p. 44-53. †¢Maleyeff, J. (2006) Exploration of internal service systems using lean principles. Management Decision, 44 (5), p. 674-689. †¢Piercy, N. and Rich, N. (2009) High quality and low cost: the lean service centre. European Journal of Marketing, 43 (11/12), p. 1477-1497. †¢Slack, N. et al. (2011) Essentials of Operations Management. Harlow: Prentice Hall Financial Times, p. 1-318.

Free Essays on Run For Your Life

Run for Your Life In this chapter, the experiments set out to test whether physical fitness, life stress, and health are directly related to each other. To test this, the researcher used correlational studies. Correlational research is an investigation of the relationships between two variables. The data found is reported as a correlation coefficient, which is measured on a scale from -1.00 to 1.00. The strongest relationship is negatively or positively as close to 1.00 as possible. The weakest relationship is positively or negatively as close to 0 as possible. A correlation with a negative value shows an inverse relationship while a positive value shows a relationship where variables fluctuate together. A strong relationship is important because it allows a researcher to make a quite accurate prediction of the value of one variable if they know the other value. However, a strong relationship does not necessarily mean that there is a causal link between the variables. The participants involved in the experiment were a group of introductory psychology students who were followed for a college academic year. The group numbered 110 and was composed of 37 males and 73 females. Ninety of these participants completed the full year. The drop-outs were compared with the students who completed the program, no considerable difference between the two groups was found. A number of measures both subjective and objective were taken over the course of the year. Objective measures included a record of appointments at the health center, heart-rate while resting, and physical fitness test on an ergocycle. Subjective tests were physical activity questionnaires, participant reports of medical conditions, and a survey to measure unpleasant life experiences. When the probability of an event occurring by chance was greater then 5 percent, the statistic is considered insignificant. The findings which were found to be statistically signi... Free Essays on Run For Your Life Free Essays on Run For Your Life Run for Your Life In this chapter, the experiments set out to test whether physical fitness, life stress, and health are directly related to each other. To test this, the researcher used correlational studies. Correlational research is an investigation of the relationships between two variables. The data found is reported as a correlation coefficient, which is measured on a scale from -1.00 to 1.00. The strongest relationship is negatively or positively as close to 1.00 as possible. The weakest relationship is positively or negatively as close to 0 as possible. A correlation with a negative value shows an inverse relationship while a positive value shows a relationship where variables fluctuate together. A strong relationship is important because it allows a researcher to make a quite accurate prediction of the value of one variable if they know the other value. However, a strong relationship does not necessarily mean that there is a causal link between the variables. The participants involved in the experiment were a group of introductory psychology students who were followed for a college academic year. The group numbered 110 and was composed of 37 males and 73 females. Ninety of these participants completed the full year. The drop-outs were compared with the students who completed the program, no considerable difference between the two groups was found. A number of measures both subjective and objective were taken over the course of the year. Objective measures included a record of appointments at the health center, heart-rate while resting, and physical fitness test on an ergocycle. Subjective tests were physical activity questionnaires, participant reports of medical conditions, and a survey to measure unpleasant life experiences. When the probability of an event occurring by chance was greater then 5 percent, the statistic is considered insignificant. The findings which were found to be statistically signi...

Comparing the works of Susan Hill- Farthing house, and HG Wells- The red room Essays

Comparing the works of Susan Hill- Farthing house, and HG Wells- The red room Essays Comparing the works of Susan Hill- Farthing house, and HG Wells- The red room Paper Comparing the works of Susan Hill- Farthing house, and HG Wells- The red room Paper Essay Topic: The Haunting Of Hill House It is a common fact that, in todays society, the most popular genre of story or film are ones that involve ghostly supernatural happenings. A natural value to humans is that being eminently frightened excites us. Supernatural and ghost stories carry many conventions, which go towards building up the whole sense of tension, drama, and even fright. Ghost stories have been told for centuries and are oral tradition in many cultures. There are very distinctive conventions that can be identified in most ghost-related books or films. These centre on the plot events, the setting and the characters involved. Older film conventions have become stereotypical due to the changes in films of today through special effects. Ghost stories usually carry a sense of chase or death about them, which enhances dramatical effect. The most obvious convention of all is the cat and mouse style chase, which occurs, in most supernatural films, this enhances the whole sense of fright within the viewer. Another convention which occurs in slightly more shocking films, is when the object of fright is not in direct sight, it may be lurking in the dark shadows, somewhere out of view. All ghost related films have always had a sense of containment, where the main actor being chased, it sometimes seems certain that they will get killed, but yet always find a way out. The characters are the most important convention, for making the film more dramatic. In all ghost films, an extremely hysterical character is used, to make the film much more exciting, to shock the viewer into fright and overall, to keep interest. Usually the main targeted character is female, as it is believed that they much more hysterically to supernatural occurrences. The characters are usually put in place as a leader or hero, or to solve any problems and uncover the past behind the story. Many ghost stories are based on unfinished business, which the human characters are out to solve and uncover the truth and reconciliation behind the supernatural happenings. The setting of a ghost story is the most important convention, which goes towards the sense of being there and the atmosphere to the reader or viewer observing. The main constituent behind the setting of a ghost story is not the main constituent behind the setting of a ghost story is not location, but the obscurity. Ghost stories always seem to be set in a dark, obscure and isolated location. This adds more tension to the story, as it makes the viewer believe that there is no way out. Along the line of the supernatural happenings, comes bad weather, usually thunder and lightening, or even rain. This is a very stereotypical convention, which relates back to the days of witches and black magic. Until modern day films, ghost stories were always set in large, old houses. This relates to supernatural happenings, as old houses contain many nooks and crannies within, allows a jumpy atmosphere to be created. This also creates a sense of concealment, where the supernatural being is almost one step ahead at all times and comes out at very un-expecting times to be more jumpy and frightening. The setting of old houses dates back to the Victorian ages. Back in Victorian times, the genre if ghost stories came about from the interest in science and travel/exploration. Victorian science was mostly based upon the exploration of supernatural happenings or the creation of un-natural life, like the novel Frankenstein. The Victorian ages were when ghost stories were first properly introduced, and they have been shared and passed down, until todays modern film versions. It can be argued that ghost stories are emphasised better by a novel, the reader almost becomes involved in the story. Two authors who express this extremely well are Susan Hill and H. G Wells. In this piece, I will be comparing the works of Susan Hill- Farthing house, and H. G Wells- The red room. H. G Wells was an English author and political philosopher, most famous for his science fiction romances that variously depict alien invasion, terrifying future societies, and transformed states of being. He was born on 21st September 1866, in Kent. He failed in three apprentships (Two drapers and one pharmacist), and later earned a scholarship to the normal school of science. Although he was a gifted student, he failed his exams, but did become a science tutor. He died in 1946 aged 80. The author of Farthing house, Susan Hill, came from a completely different background to H. G Wells. The inspiration for her novels ideas behind the theme of Susan Hills novels come from the area she was brought up in. The tranquil and relaxed atmosphere in the Cotswolds inspired her that it led her to write such invigorating novels. The background to which she bases her novels on is the Cotswolds setting, she is also interested in childhood issues which showed that she may have had an pleasant childhood. In her early marriage, she had fertility problems, which led her to suffer a miscarriage. You can see that this became a theme in her stories now, as this is portrayed in Farthing house. Farthing house is based upon the past history behind the haunted old peoples home, which involved mothers and children. By the emotions in the story that are portrayed, you can tell that she has put her feelings into the novel, what she felt about her own experience. Both stories contain elements of plot structure that are typical of ghost stories. Together with the conventions of a ghost story, language devices and very detailed setting description, Susan Hill and H. G Wells have produced two very different stories, which use the same conventions, and share the same theme. The red room by H. G. Wells, is a story set as a very stereotypical convention, a large, gloomy and old mansion house filled with elderly servants and occupied by a very old man. A young man visits the house with a very assured attitude, very optimistic of his own thoughts. He is warned by an occupant of the house about visiting the red room at this time by ignores the advice to follow his own beliefs about supernatural happenings which may be laying ahead. The story follows his journey to the red room shares the supernatural experience he encounters in the red room. From his optimistic view before the encounter in the red room, his attitude completely changes, he had now become a believer in ghosts and haunting. Farthing house by Susan Hill is set in a very similar setting and follows the same theme, but yet the plot events are very different. The story is set in an ex- home for single mothers and children which dates back to the Victorian ages, but in the story is a home for elderly people. A young lady is going to visit her Aunt Addy in ht old peoples home, Farthing house. The story begins with a letter from a mother to her daughter explaining about the visit that she is making to see her Aunt Addy. The story centers on the visit which the lady make to Farthing house and what she experiences in the home. During one night of her stay, she wakes to the rather startling view of a figure, a young woman, holding a child to whom she contemplates, is a ghost. This gets to the lady, which is why she makes it her duty to find out who the lady is or was. The lady is sure this is the woman she saw in the corridor, which is when she also finds out what the home used to be. On main convention in these two stories which builds up drama and tension, is the use of climaxes and anti- climaxes. Both stories do not use many of these but as they are the main conspiracy of the story, they play the biggest part in creating the whole supernatural theme. In The red room, the climax in the story happens right in the middle when the young man reaches the red room. The climax is built up by the description of the mans actions as he enters the red room. H. G Wells describes the mans actions as very hasty as he opened the door. This suggests that the man new that something was going to happen. The young man then recalls his thoughts about the history behind the room where a man had died. The story now comes to an anti- climax as he just analyses the room and its surroundings. The story then begins to build up a climax once more, as the man becomes unsure of his thoughts. The climax becomes at its highest as the speaks aloud By Jove. This is when the supernatural experience begins. The climaxes and anti- climaxes in Farthing house are a bit more discreet as the story is at an overall lower tone than the red room. You can tell that the climax of the story is beginning by what the lady says as she gets into her bed. I was, as you might say, almost expecting to have bad dreams or to see a ghost. This signals that the atmosphere is quite eerie, she is expecting something to happen. The next step up in tension is displayed when she says, it was a baby crying. This short, emphatic statement shows that the lady is becoming nervous. When the reader begins to think that a supernatural occurrence is going to happen, but it is a false alarm she can no longer hear the sound of the baby. The next night, is when she sees the young woman. The story reaches the full climax when the lady says, the previous nigh, I had the sensation of someone having just been in my room. Now I saw her. This shows that the lady is shocked by the occurrence rather than scared. The convention of flashbacks and timeshifts helps to tell the background of the story and uncover the past. In the red room there is actually only one flashback. It occurs during the build up of climax as the young man enters the red room. As the young man closes the door to the red room behind him, he recalls a past story of what happened in the red room. He says, The great red room of Lorraine castle, in which the young duke had died. This statement adds to the build up of tension as a convention of the past coming back to haunt. So many flashbacks occur in Farthing house, that they become the element, which actually tells most of the story as well as the past. The first flashback occurs just after the letter from the mother to the daughter. It is a timeshift to a few weeks back when she quotes the edges of my consciousness blurred and insubstantial came into focus and in a rush I remembered to which she begins another flashback of her trip to Farthing house, which is where the story begins. The lady, the writer of the letter, predominantly tells the main body of Farthing house in a flashback to her daughter. The way in which the writers create setting establishes a sense of place. Both of the stories contain a very conventional setting and they are both very similar. The red room is wholly set in a large old house, which you are later told that it is called Lorraine castle. You can tell that the occupant of the house is very interested in keeping the house in its original state, the young man s description helps you to understand that the theme of the house is very much that of a castle. He says that mounted upon the walls is sconces, which are wall- mounted candlesticks, just like back in the days when electricity was not invented. You can also see that the owner of the house is interested in travel. The young man says that there is a porcelain Chinaman on a buhl table, which is the sort of object that you would pick up as a souvenir on your world-wide travels. The setting in Farthing house follows a similar theme but yet the house served a very different purpose. The home was set in a very quiet location as you can tell from the ladys description of her journey there. As the lady came to the house she noted that the entrance was by a lych gate, this is the kind out gate, which usually is found at a churchyard. When she came to the doorway of the house, she said that the porch was a marble floor, just like the floor of a hospital or nursing home. As the lady went in to the house, she was overpowered by the strong smell of anaesthetic, you can tell that this place used to be some sort of medical care home. Again this house was very old, in the hallway were many extremely old antiques. The contribution of drama from the setting of farthing house is mostly made by the very descriptive journey to the home by the lady. The convention of isolated and obscure location is highlighted in the ladys description. She said about how no cars passed from the little cathedral town during her journey to Farthing house. When the lady gets to the home, her description sounds very church-like, which brings in the convention of the dark atmosphere. The past behind what Farthing house used to be gives the theme for where the ghosts will come from, the young women and children. As for The red room, the castle-like theme relates back to witches and black magic. Castles are a good setting for a ghost story as they have a hidden past of death about them. The other element, which makes castles good for ghost stories, is the very cold atmosphere. The stone walls, large spiral staircases and no insulation creates a chilling feeling which adds to the drama of the story. The characters have a huge impact on the way that the audience perceives the plot. Characters enable the audience to relate to the plot on a personal level, infusing feelings and emotions. In The red room, the elderly servants contribute to some very important functions. The servant main purpose is to work in contrast with the young man. They are the ones who tell the man of the danger that may lie ahead if he visits the red room on that night. They also help to set the scene. With their very ghost-like descriptions, they become superficial, almost creatures. Their sole purpose in the house is to make the story more interesting and to perpetuate superstitions around the house. The story begins and ends with the servants, they are siclicle characters. In Farthing house, the character Aunt Addy is set in place for the only purpose, so that there is a reason for the lady who wrote the letter, to visit farthing house. The story is almost all told in a flashback so there is not going to be many other main characters. One of the roles of the lady in Farthing house is to inform her daughter about the journey she encountered to Farthing house. The letter at the beginning of the story, tells you the format of the story, it helps you to understand how the story is told. She is a very weary person, who adds to the tension build up because she can almost sense when the atmosphere is odd. Her other main role is to uncover the truth behind the lady she saw in the night. She makes it her inquiry to find out who the lady really is or was. In The red room, the young man is the main character and the narrator of the story. The young mans main role in the story is to portray the age of the elderly servants. The author of the story has depicted the young man as a new age scientific sort of person, he does not believe in ghosts or supernatural happenings. This adds to the drama and tension as his attitude changes after the supernatural encounter. From his very optimistic view before the encounter his attitude changes greatly after the supernatural experience. In the two stories, as they are both ghost stories, the main part of the story is centred on the supernatural encounter. They both involve a ghostly presence, although what form the presence is in is very different. In the red room, going by ghostly conventions, you could almost say that it is a slightly more chilling experience as there is not actual sight of a ghost. The ghost makes his presence known to the young man by a cold breeze on the back of his neck. The climax of the encounter is when the young man says, it was as if the wicks had been nipped between a finger and thumb, which shows that the ghostly figure relates to a human. The young man is extremely scared by this, as he speaks with a very sloppy dialogue. When all the candles in the room had gone out, he began to panic and said, my hands trembled so much that twice I missed the rough paper of the matchbox. This is the time when he began to believe that what was happening was true. In Farthing house, the ghostly presence is a lot more apparent. The lady in her bed is woken up by the distinct wail of a baby. Naturally, the lady goes to investigate, but she sees nothing. The next night is when the encounter occurs. She wakes to the view of a young lady walking across her bedroom. She is not at all scared of the presence but more like intrigued. The lady makes it her duty to find out who the young lady was and when she finds out about the past identity of Farthing house, she is able to come to the conclusion that the mother is just looking for her baby. Now that she knows the truth about the ghost she is not frightened at all. To show her emotions she says, I was no afraid any more, not now that I knew who she was and why she had been there, getting out her bed in Cedar room, to go in search of her baby. Both authors have used the conventions of a ghost story to create two exceptionally well-composed stories. The conventions are easy to recognise in both stories, but yet they blend in to the story line so that they are riveting reads. As far as the plot events go, The red room does not contain any chases or death, but does contain a very frightening scene, where the supernatural creature is not in direct sight. It is believed that these types of story are slightly more chilling than one where the ghost is easily seen. Farthing house is very different. The lady actually sees a ghost but again, there is no sense of chase or death involved within the plot. One plot related convention which Farthing house does contain is the long journey by the lady to get there, which often appears in ghost stories. Because of the obscurity in the ghostly presence of The red room I think that it works excellently as a plot related convention and it that it works better than the plot conventions in Farthing house. The setting of Farthing house completely follows the setting convention of a ghost story. A very isolated and obscure location provides the perfect setting for a ghost story. The theme of the home previously being a single mothers and children institute, is a very similar setting to a quite shocking modern film called The house on the haunted hill, which also contained a very old and isolated house, and previously was an institute for mentally handicapped people. The setting of The red room follows a very stereotypical setting convention. The setting for the red room is a large old house, which previously was a castle. This provides a better setting for a ghost story than Farthing house because the very old atmosphere helps you to relate to a supernatural occurrence. On the other hand, the setting in Farthing house and its previous purpose has a sense of death, almost like the setting of a hospital. In Farthing house, the use of very little characters helps to make the atmosphere a lot more eerie and desolate. There is one convention that neither of the stories share, they contain no hysterical characters. The drama and tension is created by other conventions by plot structure and setting. The one character related convention in Farthing house, is that the narrator is female, and although she does not react emotionally frightened, but concerned and intrigued. In The red room, the elderly servants used help to create a really ghostly atmosphere. They really support the ghostly presence well and also work along side the narrator. The young man in the story adds to the creation of drama and tension by the way that he becomes extremely frightened by the ghostly encounter. I think that the young man does make good use of the conventions, but in contrast with the characters in Farthing house, Susan Hill makes better use of the character related convention, by not using many characters. Overall by the evidence I have provided above, I think that it is quite hard to decide which story makes use of ghost story conventions best. Both stories have made excellent use of the conventions to create two stories of the same theme, but yet are both very different. By a very slight margin, I think that The red room by H. G Wells uses the conventions better than Farthing house. I think this because, firstly the plot structure of The red room creates a much more frightening story, in that the ghost is not actually seen. This makes the reader wonder more about what or whom the supernatural being is, thus creating a more exciting read. I also think that the setting of The red room is better than the one in Farthing house. I think this because, in my view, an older setting (like the one in The red room) creates a much better atmosphere for a traditional ghost story. On the other hand, the very descriptive journey to Farthing house helps to create a very good picture of how isolated the setting of it really is. As far as the character related convention goes, I think that Susan Hills use of very little characters creates an excellent atmosphere that is very chilling and quiet, the perfect environment for a traditional ghost story. Although I do think that the elderly servants that H. G Wells uses in The red room are brilliant for working in contrast with the very ghostly atmosphere. So overall, I think that The red room by H. G Wells makes use of the conventions of a ghost story best. Wells has kept within his science- fiction theme to create an excellent and very traditional ghost story.

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Investment analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Investment analysis - Essay Example Ltd (GNC), MACQ GROUP FPO (MQG), Perpetual Limited (PPT), Cochlear Limited (COH), Woodside Petroleum Limited (WPL) and Rio Tinto Ltd. (RIO). These stocks are picked from the index on random basis in order to avoid any biasness. The following part analyzes the excess stock returns of every company on individual basis. Risk & Return Analysis As far as the risk and returns for 6 stocks as well as the market is concerned, it can be affirmed that the market return remained negative in the past two 26 months. The market provided -0.6137 return with the risk of 3.79 which is relatively low. The best return is provided by GNC which is 0.9069 with the risk measure of 7.0546. The lowest performing stock was MQG such that it provided a massive negative return of -2.7928 given the risk level of 7.3839. WPL was found to be the least risky stock with the figure of 6.7976 with the return of -0.7820. COH turned out to be the riskiest stock with the figure of 12.3989 with the negative return of -0.33 44. ... Gain Corp Ltd Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.4970 R Square 0.2470 Adjusted R Square 0.1394 Standard Error 6.5444 Observations 25 Â   Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Intercept 1.2427 1.3432 0.9251 0.3654 EMR 0.7704 0.3732 2.0640 0.0516 SMB -0.8326 0.7121 -1.1693 0.2554 HML 0.9103 0.9036 1.0074 0.3252 If the overall model fit of GNC is taken into consideration, it can be noticed that R-square is quite low i.e. 24.7% which explains that all three factors only explain 24.7% behavior of GNC. The intercept is not significant due to higher p-value which is greater than the 0.05 level of significance. However, if 3FMs are closely looked at only EMR has contributed in predicting the excess return behavior of GNC as its p-value is quite closer to 0.05. The other two factors including SMB and HML are also insignificant due to higher p-values. In other words, the excess stock return behavior of GNC is independent of the SMB and HML but there is slight dependency can be found with respect to EMR. 2. MACQ GROUP FPO Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.7809 R Square 0.6099 Adjusted R Square 0.5542 Standard Error 4.9304 Observations 25 Â   Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Intercept -1.5311 1.0120 -1.5130 0.1452 EMR 1.4996 0.2812 5.3329 0.0000 SMB 1.2077 0.5364 2.2513 0.0352 HML 1.7840 0.6808 2.6206 0.0160 The model of MQG is very strong such that the value of R-square which is 0.6099 reflects that the excess stock returns of MQG are explained by 61% with 3FMs. The intercept is turned out to be insignificant due to higher p-value. However, all the three factors contributed in explaining the behavior of MQG such that all have p-values less than the cut off level of 0.05. The beta of MQG with respect to market is near to 1.5,

Critical Thinking - Model 3 - SLP - Deductive and Inductive Argumens Coursework

Critical Thinking - Model 3 - SLP - Deductive and Inductive Argumens - Coursework Example 172). As such, a premise must be able to support it conclusion for it to be ascertained to be deductive. Additionally, the truth and acceptability of the conclusion depends on the premise for any deductive argument to be valid. On the other hand, inductive argument is an inferential claim of probability that detaches conclusion to the premise. In essence, the truth or logical flow of the conclusion is totally independent of the premise (Lavery & Hughes, 2008, p. 172). Therefore, a premise can be true or acceptable but do not play any role in defining the truth and acceptability of the conclusion. In my view, deductive arguments have a direct and dependent conclusion on the premise. The truth and acceptability of the latter, therefore, depend of the premise. subsequently, the logical flow in inductive argument has no connection or certainty of conclusion with regards to premise. In conclusion, the difference between inductive and deductive arguments lies on the ability of the premise to succinctly explain its conclusion. Furthermore, the difference also prevails through acceptability and

Technology Essay Introduction Essay Example for Free

Technology Essay Introduction Essay A rapid development of scientific and technological progress, especially in recent decades, has changed thinking of a modern person. An advent of computers has made a real revolution. They altered our approach to work, study, entertainment and other aspects of life. In hospitals, our organism is scanned by complex tomography. Up-to-grade Internet access devices are located in schools while in institutions there are various tools for carrying out calculations and experiments. Being ordinary things, laptop, mobile communications, a global network, automated production lines – thats far from a complete list of useful information technologies. Probably, people did not possess such a sum of knowledge in different fields. Amazing phenomena surround us. Today, figuratively speaking, you can get news from your pocket, connect to a network, or send a message to an individual who is thousands of kilometers away from you. Thanks to technologies, we may get acquainted with people who live in other countries and cities. Science came up with a lot of interesting and useful stuff from biomaterials to artificial hands. From a factitious kidney to contact lenses that train eye muscles at night. From digital libraries, online universities, and courses to advanced deep earth drilling rigs. Present innovations are designed to serve humanity in its quest for high peaks. However, not all technologies benefit the human being. Frequently, we could observe some reverse. For instance, modern weapons are capable of destroying both nature and human lives in frightening proportions. An industry smokes and discharges toxic waste into the water, invades the earths interior in search of resources. In the Pacific Ocean, a new â€Å"continent† of floating debris has already settled down. On the one hand, electronic pages are good, less harm is done to the environment, and storing a large amount of data is easier and more convenient in such form. On the other hand, humanity is becoming increasingly dependent on technology. Most humans cannot even imagine what they will do if, for example, they forget a phone at home. Facebook, Twitter, and other analogs have a significant influence on the well-being and sense of human satisfaction. A lot of studies noted the more time a person spends in so-called â€Å"social relations†, the higher a risk of loneliness and depression. The question arises: does this mean that global networks mostly address single and unhappy people or they make them so? Live interaction is replaced by a set of letters on the computer as facial expressions are emoticons. People just stopped going to visit and see each other. Thus, technological progress has divided the world into two camps. Some people believe that creation of complex gadgets moves an evolution of our civilization forward. Others are convinced of the extremely negative impact of such devices on human health and psyche. First of all, it is worth noting that a lot of techniques are specially established for performing the most laborious and routine job. Similar developments allow you to economize both time and space. At the same time, opponents of technical innovations are sure that they make a person lazy, deprive him/her of the opportunity to act mentally and physically. Many of our contemporaries spend a significant part of their lives waiting for the moment when robots will do all the activity without their participation. Do not forget about a danger associated with an emission of gadgets and an emergence of psychological dependence. But any phenomenon conceals in itself both positive and negative sides. In the context of technology, it is necessary to observe moderation in their applying and to remember their subsidiary rather than a dominant role in our lives.

Effects of Technology on Music

Effects of Technology on Music Effects of Technology on Music Production and Distribution Introduction Technology has brought many advantageous opportunities to the music industry in the area of production and distribution. Besides popular and valuable instruments such as the electric guitar and the synthesizer, technology has brought us new production equipments such as high-fidelity microphones, re-mastering equipments and CD-ROMs that provide us with a crystal clear sound of the recording. The development of these equipments has allowed the audience to experience a higher quality of sound coming from both live concerts and recordings. Easiness of transportation that came along with the technological developments in the sector, has allowed the record labels to distribute music all around the world. During the 1950s turbojet engines were cleared for civilian use, and with new civil jet-engine cargo aircraft distribution of almost any item became easier and faster than ever before. The evolution of the computer and the Internet was also a great distribution advantage for the music industry and should not be underestimated. New sound formats, such as the MP3, have made music distribution easier. Companies could now provide selling licenses to companies that would allow users to download certain songs from the Internet at a very high speed. The music industry also got many opportunities for advertisements since they were now not limited to billboards, TV and radio. Many companies can now promote their records by playing a preview for the user, on certain websites. Music Production Recording equipments were mostly used after the 1920s. These electronic devices were very hard to find and also very expensive. 1950s was when electronic equipment became easier to obtain and also became relatively cheaper. Not only that, they were also better in quality of recording and reproduction when compared to those devices used during the 1920s. By this time there were a lot of studios that were in demand for more electronic recording equipment. With the development of electronic equipments by engineers and inventors (such as Raymond Scott, who was an American composer and inventor who invented recording equipments and electronic instruments), studios started to buy these relatively cheap instruments. With these new equipments, studios were able to re-master previous recordings (mostly classical and jazz) to produce a more crystal-clear sound. However re-mastering was not the only feature of these equipments. Studios (sometimes individual labels) and bigger recording compani es (labels) started to record more and more music using these equipments and then sold them to the audience. Also during this time, along with the development of new instruments, new genres started to form. Consequently more and more label companies were formed and companies were categorized according to the genre they produced and sold. Slowly by slowly, label companies started to compete with each other and signed contracts with artists to record more songs to sell. This competition between labels made popular music a commodity and in time, these music equipments were started to be used for music sampling or element extraction which in some cases led to lawsuits. The developments in music production equipments have led to companies wanting to make more and more profit by recording and distributing their records. With these developments, companies started to look for new ways of distribution that could allow them to distribute their records at a global scale. The general development in technology has worked to their advantage. Music Distribution 1. Transportation Transportation before the evolution of civil aircraft was very hard and took a very long time. Mostly, merchandises were transported with ships and trains. However, during the 1950s, civil aircraft manufacturers were allowed to use turbojet engines for their aircraft. With these engines, new passenger and cargo aircraft were able to travel at a higher speed. New maritime technologies that were developed around the 1950s (such as the bulbous bow, used to decrease drag) allowed transportation ships to travel at (relatively) very high velocities. These developments made air cargo and ship transportation the primary platforms for transporting merchandises. Using these developments, record companies started to use air cargo and ships to distribute their records to all around the world very quickly. 2. Computers and The Internet Recordings were stored mostly in WAV file formats in computers. WAV is a waveform file format and its almost the exact replica of a high-quality CD recording. However, WAV files are very big in size. Transferring these formats over the internet would take a very long time. Even now, when we have access to high-speed internet, downloading a 50MB file takes about a minute. Back in the 90s, most people used the standard dial-up connection (which was very slow, 56 kbps). Downloading a 50MB file with a dial-up connection would take up to 4 hours, considering that the file does not contain any invaluable (overhead) data[1]. The MP3 file format compresses the original sound recording and provides us with a file that is very small in size but high in sound quality. This decrease in file size made the MP3 files very popular amongst internet users because they are very accessible and they can download them very quickly. With these developments, label companies wanted to take advantage of this increase in accessibility and consequently gave (sold) licenses to distributing companies. Currently, iTunes and many other sites allow users to download MP3 music files for a certain price. With this accessibility, both the marketing (distributing companies) and the label companies make profit from selling recordings. Also, besides these, the internet has provided label companies many opportunities to advertise/promote their records. With the increasing number of websites, labels can advertise their records on certain websites, or promote their records in YouTube, etc. Certain websites play previews of records or single recordings for users when they enter the website. Unlike local billboards and TV/Radio commercials/promotions, label companies can extend their range to a global scale. Many local and global popular music groups and labels have official accounts on YouTube, Facebook and MySpace. They can simply promote their records on these sites by providing users with full records or previews. These types of social websites are also a great way for labels and individual groups to promote their items. Therefore, this global increase in label advertising opportunities and thus increase in advertising itself, also allowed the sales to increase in time and bring label companies to a higher position. 3. Technological Accessibility Nowadays, almost everyone owns either an iPod or a portable CD-player. Label companies can distribute records in several different formats. For example, some of these formats may be CD-ROMs, online MP3 files, tapes, etc. With the accessibility to electronic portable CD/Tape players, computers, and MP3 players, many users of these different platforms can buy records from a certain label company. The main label will have a higher rate of sales when they distribute for more than one platform. When we compare today with earlier days, where the gramophone was in use, we can say that the gramophone was the only music reproduction platform and not everyone had access to it. Thus the increase in accessibility and platforms do increase profits for label companies. Conclusion Almost every development in technology, from aircrafts to ships and chips to the internet, has affected the music industry. As usual, these developments may be both in advantage or disadvantage to the music industry or label companies, however I have elaborated on the advantageous side of these developments. Record label companies have brought themselves to a high position using these technological developments that helped them mass produce and distribute their records at a global scale. Unfortunately, popular music labels only use this technology to increase the amount of yearly profits instead of using it to create art. Label companies now use â€Å"template† music, where only certain elements of music can be changed to make it look individual (pseudo-individualization)[2]. Looking at these general actions of record companies, I can say that their sole purpose is to make profit by marketing music. Considering the technological developments and their consequences, these developments have been to the advantage of label companies. Bibliography Allan, David. On Popular Music in Advertising. Popular Musicology Online. Web. 13 Oct. 2009. . Bray, Patrick J. Learning about bulbous bows. Martins Marine Engineering Page. Web. 24 Nov. 2009. . Holmes, Thomas B. Electronic and Experimental Music Pioneers in Technology and Composition. New York: Routledge, 2002. Print. The Jet Engine. History Learning Site. Web. 24 Nov. 2009. . Raymond Scott: Biography. Official Raymond Scott Website: RaymondScott.com. Web. 24 Nov. 2009. . Shuker, Roy. Understanding Popular Music. New York: Routledge, 2001. Print. Tschmuck, Peter. Creativity and Innovation in the Music Industry. New York: Springer, 2006. Print. Ulucay, Tolga. Difference Between .mp3 and .wav. EzineArticles. Web. 24 Nov. 2009. . [1] Download time calculator: [2] Allan, David. On Popular Music in Advertising.Popular Musicology Online. Web. 13 Oct. 2009. .

Albert Einstein Essay -- biographies biography bio

Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879 to Jewish parents. In the year 1880 the Einsteins moved to Munich so that Albert could attend the school there. Albert's father started a factory there in Munich. The most charming story was told about the young Albert Einstein when he was 5. He was late to dinner because he was sitting out in the garden thinking under a tree, when he was brought to his father he noticed a small compass on Hermman Einstein's pocket watch. He was fascinated with the little compass and why it always pointed north. School for Einstein was a trying experience. For young Einstein "school is just like a barrack...and the teachers are like the officers who tell the soldiers what to do. If you don't learn your lessons by heart they scold or beat you. Even if you don't understand what the books say! They are angry when you ask questions-and I like to ask question."(2) Albert Einstein stayed at the school in Munich until he was about 15, then he left Munich to join his family in Milan. There he while hiking and listening to music he decided to be a theoretical physicist. After this decision was made he left Milan to go the the Zurich Polytechnic school in Switzerland. After a year of study he was admitted to the Zurich Polytechnic and completed a degree in physics. "Why should one not admit a man [to the United States]...who dares to oppose every war except the inevitable one with his own wife?" (1932) (1) Albert Einstein viewed the militarism with his homeland as disgusting. At the age of 16 renounced his German citizenship and became a Swiss citizen vowing never to hold German citizenship again. During World War I Einstein was the co-founder of the 'Bund Neues Vaterland'(League of the New Fa... ...." December 20, 1939 (4) "I cannot conceive of a God who rewards and punishes his creatures, or has a will of the kind that we experience in ourselves. Neither can I nor would I want to conceive of an individual who survives his physical death; let feeble souls, for fear or absurd egoism, cherish such thoughts." 1930 (1) Bibliography 1. Calaprice, Alice. The Expanded Quotable Einstein. Princeton University Press; Princeton, 2000. 2.Levinger, Elina. Albert Einstein. Simon & Schuster, Inc; New York, New York, 1949. 3. Goldsmith, Mackay, & Woudhuysen. Einstein the First Hundred Years. Pergamon Press; New York, 1980. 4. www.stcloud.msus.edu/~~lesikar/einstein/personal.html 5. Infeld, Leopold. Albert Eistein: His Work and its Influence on Our World. Charles Scribner's Sons; New York, 1950. 6. www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~jr/phys.einstein.

Personal Narrative- The Lonely Middle-Aged Woman :: Personal Narrative Writing

Personal Narrative- The Lonely Middle-Aged Woman I got off the bus, not knowing where I had to travel in the cold night. I had a rough idea, but I’ve been having terrible luck trusting my rough ideas lately. I thought I’d ask someone for details. The passengers that had gotten off the bus with me obviously knew where they were going, because their strides were purposeful and quick. Looking for someone to help, I turned to a middle-aged lady in smart business clothes and voiced my question. She looked at me strangely for a second, as though I was speaking a foreign language, then just as quickly she snapped out of it and told me the direction I had to walk. Then she added "But I have to go that way. I can give you a ride if you’d like." When she said that my mind traveled years back to primary school, when they would sit us all down on the floor and try to convince us not to do stupid things. Don’t light fires. Don’t play with guns. Don’t trust anyone wearing a trench coat. Don’t accept rides from strangers. I’ve broken most of these, except the trench coat one, so I decided that I should accept her offer. The situation, statistically speaking, was more dangerous for her than for me. Newspapers are hardly littered with stories about middle-aged women kidnapping and torturing innocent teenage boys. We walked to her car. She pointed it out to me, and I wasn’t surprised to see that it was a little red two-door BMW. She opened the door for me first and I slipped into the leather seats, running my hands along the wood dashboard that contained an elaborate stereo system. I pictured her zipping along the road, humming happily along to a Brahms concerto. Or maybe some jazz. I didn’t ask her. Sitting in her car I was consumed by warmth, not just from the heating, but because of her. If men use cars as penis extensions, this was the female equivalent. We kept talking. It was on a different level to small talk, but neither of us said what we were thinking. I felt her quiet desperation- she told me of her divorce; or rather she talked enough to let it slip. She talked about her sons and their jobs and wives. I’ve never experienced any of it but I had an idea how she felt.

Yellow Wallpaper

The visuals and the symbolic imagery of the setting helps the readers connect with the characters more ND thus builds a connection through the entirety of the story. The opening of the setting directly correlates with the narrator's thoughts and feelings. It is also one of the crucial reasons as to why the narrator falls deeply ill to the depicted background. We come to see that the narrator of the story who is the woman, lives in a isolated mansion or a â€Å"haunted house†(394) as she would call it. The metaphor of the haunted house shows the woman's concern and displacement about the house from the start.Gradually as the months pass, she becomes increasingly ill and her very sanity shows. Her husband's way of treatment and rest only forces her to get worse and not better. She states to John, â€Å"That spoils my ghostliness, I am afraid, but I don't care-? there is something strange about the house-?I can feel it†. The statement depicts her troubled emotions both men tally and emotionally regarding the mansion. Gradually as the months pass, she becomes increasingly ill and her very sanity becomes worse. She starts to become fixated with the yellow wallpaper in her room.She quotes â€Å"they connect diagonally, and the sprawling outlines run off in great slanting waves of optic error, like a lot of wallowing seaweeds in full chase(403). † The detailed observations made by her towards the ending of the text describe her cry for help to stop her illness and the only therapy she knows as liberating. What she doesn't understand is her illness as seen in the text worsens as she runs her imagination through the surroundings of the wallpaper. She feels trapped and her only way out to her lies in the wallpaper.She develops vivid images about the entire house and the negative feelings that comes with it. She uses words such as queer and afraid from the beginning of the story to explore her concern for the house. In one of her quotes, she states â⠂¬Å"l am sitting by the window now, up in this atrocious nursery, and there is nothing to hinder my writing as much as I please, save lack of strength—But these nervous troubles are dreadfully depressing(396). † The statements display her boredom and depression from not being able to write and explore her thoughts as prescribed by her doctor of a husband.That alone gives her mind to roam endlessly bout the possibilities of the wallpaper. The importance of the setting provides a power tool in which her condition intensifies as her reality escapes into the yellow wallpaper. It leads to her ultimate obsession with the yellow wallpaper. Another powerful piece of the setting would the time the book took place. The book is published in 1892 so it can be assumed that it took place in the 18th through 19th century. During this time, women are still fighting for equality and a stand in society compared to today.The men are the dominant leaders of the household and women would ob ey their decisions and follow only to their lead without their own opinions mattering. Therefore, the husband disregards his wife's opinions about her condition. The story displays her husband as kind and caring; always attending to his wife's needs. He feels he knows the right treatments for her when in reality, he was trapping her in an isolated room with no one to talk to or able to express her feelings. He also calls her â€Å"little girl† in an attempt to belittle her decision making when she wanted to leave the house.The woman also feels guilty for the things her husband goes for her like reading to her for hours and calling her darling. She does not understand that her insanity stems from distancing her emotions from her husband and into her own world of fantasies that lead to her fixation on the wall paper. Therefore without any help from the outside world or anyone to turn to, she felt like her own prisoner trapped inside the room with only the yellow wallpaper in he r mind to keep her own sanity from worsening. There are many subtle metaphors and hidden meanings describing the setting of the wallpaper.There are clues towards he ending of the story that the events following her experience with the wallpaper may have also happened previously with other women. She states, â€Å"l don't like to look out of the windows even-?there are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast. I wonder if they come out of that wallpaper as I did† which shows she might have believed the events occurred before. Thus as the story building up, the setting portrays her need to tear off all the wallpaper in a means to escape from her own imprisoned self and the lives of previously trapped women behind the leaper.After the woman tears off the wallpaper, the setting immediately changes as she liberates herself from her own illness that caused her depression since the beginning. There is no longer the yellow wallpaper and the freedom of celebration from her husband. She is now seen in control instead of her husband. Every part of the setting influences the way the story was set. Had the setting changed entirely in an uplifting and positive vibe than the outcome would have been completely different. She may not have had any ill conditions if things were set differently. Yellow Wallpaper Chelsey French Stacy Phillips ENGL 1010 November 28, 2012 The Yellow Wallpaper Approximately 10 to 15% of women suffer from postpartum mood disorders, including postpartum depression, postpartum anxiety, and postpartum psychosis (â€Å"How Many Women Get Postpartum Depression? The Statistics on PPD†). â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a story about a woman, whose husband takes her away to a home out in the country. She is to believe that she has a temporary nervous condition, by which her husband, a doctor, has her to believe.As the story unfolds the reader comes to find out that the narrator has more than a nervous condition. It is clear to see that the narrator has postpartum psychosis. Postpartum psychosis has a wide range of symptoms, all of which the narrator of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† exhibits. The disorder, which sets on up to several weeks after giving birth. Postpartum psychosis is characterized by symptoms of extreme agitation, confusion, exhilaration, and an inability to sleep or eat.It may also be difficult to maintain a normal conversation with a woman who has postpartum psychosis. She may also experience delusions, hallucinations, altered or impaired concept of reality, rapid mood swings, insomnia, and abnormal or obsessive thoughts. The narrator of the story shows many of the signs and symptoms of postpartum psychosis which sets up just weeks after giving birth. The description of the disorder fits almost perfectly with what can be seen from the narrator.Her actions, along with what she sees in the wallpaper of her room can be interpreted as symptoms of postpartum psychosis. The reader also knows that the narrator has given birth recently when she writes â€Å"it is fortunate Mary is so good with the Baby. Such a dear baby! And yet I cannot be with him, it makes me so nervous† (Gilman). Knowing that the narrator just had a baby is only reason that she is suffering from postpartum psychosis, because if she didn’ t just have a baby then she could not have suffered from this.In the beginning of the story, the narrator tells that she gets angry with her husband, and believes that it is due to her nervous condition. The narrator is more than aware that her agitation goes beyond what is reasonable at that time, yet she cannot control it. She knows something is wrong, and is to believe that she has a temporary nervous condition, that her husband diagnosed her with, but the narrator is suffering from more than a mere nervous condition.The narrator’s abnormal thinking shows when she writes, â€Å"John is a physician, and perhaps—(I would not say it to a living soul, of course, but this is dead paper and a great relief to my mind)—perhaps that is one reason I do not get well faster† (Gilman). It doesn’t make since that because her husband is a doctor, she is not getting better. The narrator’s agitation and abnormal thinking here shows she is suffering from m ore than depression. Another symptom of postpartum psychosis is hallucinations. One of the first hallucinations that the narrator has is when she sees people creeping outside around in the garden.Another hallucination the narrator experiences is, â€Å"Sometimes I think there are a great many women behind, and sometimes only one, and she crawls around fast, and her crawling shakes it all over† (Gilman). The narrator is having hallucinations of a woman behind the wallpaper of her room and that she is shaking the pattern on the wallpaper. At the end of the story the narrator is acting really strange when she describes herself crawling around her room, with her shoulder in the â€Å"smooch† of the wallpaper.To someone who has their sanity intact, this would be very weird, but with her impaired concept of reality, her actions are completely logical. By having hallucinations and impaired concepts of reality are strong signs that she is suffering from postpartum psychosis. T he Narrator also shows signs that she has a hard time eating and sleeping, and has moments of obsessive thinking. During the story the narrator writes â€Å"I don’t sleep much at night† (Gilman), which shows that it is not depression that she is suffering from, which causes hypersomnia, rather than insomnia.The narrator also shows signs of difficulty eating when she says â€Å"I don’t weigh a bit more,’ said I, ‘nor as much; and my appetite may be better in the evening when you are here but it is worse in the morning when you are away! † (Gilman) Trouble eating is yet another sign of postpartum psychosis. Along with difficulty eating, and insomnia, the narrator also has moments of exhilaration, when she writes â€Å"Life is very much more exciting now than it used to be. You see, I have something more to expect, to look orward to, to watch†¦it was because of the wallpaper† (Gilman). The fact that the narrator has become excited ov er the wallpaper in her room, points toward the diagnosis that she has some type of psychosis. Wallpaper is usually not exciting to a person in a normal state of mind. This part of the story shows that the narrator is having obsessive thoughts, at this point of the short story she is no longer simply examining the wallpaper, she is obsessed with the wallpaper.The last thing that the narrator shows is homicidal and suicidal thoughts. At the end of the story the narrator is making threats when she writes â€Å"no person touches [the] paper but [her]—not alive! † (Gilman). Pretty much she is saying that she will hurt, or kill anyone that comes close or touches the wallpaper. This act would be very irrational because touching wallpaper would ordinarily be an innocent gesture, but the narrator is so wrapped up in her psychosis that she is willing to commit homicide if a person just touches the paper.The narrator contemplates suicide when she says â€Å"I am getting angry e nough to do something desperate. To jump out of the window would be admirable exercise, but the bars are too strong even to try† (Gilman). The narrator’s thoughts of committing homicide and suicide are just further signs of her disorder. According to Heidi Scott, â€Å"The reader is more likely to see her madness as a tragedy of early mental health care, the positive reading gains ground with this interpretation of ecological adaptation. Unfortunately Ms. Scott seems to have made an error in logic known as hasty generalization. What Ms. Scott is saying is that the narrator is just not adapting to her new environment, but this is not the case at all. With all of the evidence that is provided in this paper it should be clear about what kind of condition the narrator has. The proof in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† that the narrator has postpartum psychosis leaves little room for other scientific diagnosis of her problems.The narrator has given birth recently, she bec omes agitated and exhilarated easily, and she has abnormal thoughts, insomnia, inability to eat, hallucinations, homicidal and suicidal thoughts and so on; all of which are symptoms of postpartum depression. Ultimately, this means that the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a harrowing tale of a woman suffering from postpartum psychosis. Works Cited â€Å"How Many Women Get Postpartum Depression? The Statistics on PPD. † Postpartum Depression, Postpartum Progress, The Best Help & Hope for Moms. Web. 19 Nov. 012 † Signs of Postpartum Psychosis – RightDiagnosis. com. † Right Diagnosis. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper – Charlotte Perkins Gilman. † Women's History – Comprehensive Research and Information Guide. Web. 20 Nov. 2012 † PsychiatryOnline , American Journal of Psychiatry, Postpartum Psychosis: Detection of Risk and Management. † PsychiatryOnline Home. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper: And Other Stories – Charlotte Perkins Gilman – Google Books. † Google Books. Web. 21 Nov. 2012.